Review of Psychology and Christianity 5 Views Essay

Assessment 1 Assessment 1 What does psychology have to do with the Christian faith? In Psychology and Christianity: Five Views, by Myers, Jones, Roberts, Watson, Coe, Hall, and Powlison (2010) is an introductory textbook for Christian psychology that provides sound arguments for an array of positions on psychology and faith. Each author contributed an essay and in return the other essayist respond by either agreeing or disagreeing by pointing out faults and explaining why. The first position by David G. Myers titled, â€Å"A-Levels-of-Explanation View,† who is a psychological scientist who supports that Christian theology and psychology are two very distinct disciplines, but they do share similar goals. Myers defines psychology as,†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, Jones uses homosexuality, like Myers, as a test case, but is very clear on what scripture says about this behavior and does not let data change his mind on this topic since the Authority of Scripture cannot be mistaken. The Christian Psychology view by Roberts and Watson, have a more historical and philosophical approach. They do not deny modern psychology, but argue that psychology has been around for the past 2500 years. For example, he brings up issues relevant today with the Sermon on the Mount instead of the science offered by todays establish psychologist. Roberts and Watson also claim that Christian psychologist should approach psychology with the bases of the Christian tradition. â€Å"Christians must approach the subject matter of humanity embracing what God has told us about what it mean to be fully human first; that then is our framework for engaging psychology as a social science† (p. 183). Roberts and Watson purpose a two-stage method: â€Å"to first appropriate the resources of the rich, Christian psychological tradition, and then to employ it in the advance of empirical science and applied science† (p.184). This is how a Christian understanding of the person can come to hypotheses that can be tested, therefore advancing our comprehension on humans. Lastly, theShow MoreRelatedDr. Entwistle s Psychology And Christianity With The Intent Of Using The Text For Undergraduate1255 Words   |  6 PagesIntegrativeApproaches to Psychology and Christianity with the intent of using the text for undergraduate coursework for students studying a wide variety of psychological forms. These forms of study include counseling and teaching as well as on the Graduate level for students studying Theology. The text begins with diverse worldviews intertwining Psychology and Christianity throughout various societies and each with its own deep rooted perspectives. 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The authors are seasoned Christian counsellors who have a vast experience in dealing with people’s psycho-spiritual issues from a Christian point of view (Hawkins Clinton,Read MoreInternet Forum and Discussion Board Forums1224 Words   |  5 PagesCourse Syllabus COUN 506 Integration of Psychology and Theology Course Description Students critically examine the implications of a Christian worldview for counseling and marriage and family practice. Ethical issues relevant to the use of spiritual and religious interventions with individuals, couples, families are considered, along with current research related to spirituality and counseling. 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This model is called client-centered therapy or person-centered therapy. It can also be known as Person-centered Psychotherapy, Person-centered counseling or Rogerian Psychotherapy. The basis of Rogers’s therapy is designed and wrapped around the client. The focus by its name is the client. Rather than suggesting the person is a counselee or a patient they have chosen the word client to make it less clinical and more relational in how the person possiblyRead MoreEntwistle Book Review2213 Words   |  9 PagesBook Review: Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity: David Entwistle Yvonne M. 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Labeling Theory and Its Impact Essay - 1360 Words

Introduction: Have you ever experienced a time when your parents called you a genius and you truly felt like one? How about when a professor pointed fingers at you because he thought you were cheating on a test? Most certainly you felt some type of shame or guilt; or probably got so tired of your colleagues negative thoughts that you decided to embrace it and just go along with it. These are just a few examples of the impact that people’s opinions or thoughts can have on your reputation. Think for a second about the Stanford Prison Experiment, which demonstrates the influential role that a situation can play in human behavior. The individuals chosen to perform as guards were placed in a position of power and thus they began†¦show more content†¦Labeling theorists suggest that labeling individuals as deviant has the potential of becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy (Globokar, 2008). Howard Becker has described deviance as a â€Å"consequence of the application by others of rules and sanctions to an ‘offender’; the deviant is one to whom the label has successfully been applied; deviant behavior is behavior people so label† (Clinard Meier, 2011:89). Culture, sex, age and other elements of identity all shape self-conception, but the meanings that an individual places on various circumstances and interactions certainly play a very important role as well. It becomes difficult to normally interact with others once there is a negative impact of an individual’s reputation and the conception and expectations of others reinforces that reputation. I am very familiar with the effect that labeling can have on a person. My uncle in Cuba is a great example of what labeling can do to your persona. I grew up very close to him and remember always going on trips and he would play around with all the time; to me he was the greatest uncle in the world. One day I heard a comment that slipped out of the mouth of some friends and they referred to my uncle as a â€Å"thief† or â€Å"ratero†. It appeared that my uncle due to the need of food decided to â€Å"borrow† a chicken from a neighbor’s backyard; got caught and from there he obtained a new reputation. IShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at the Labeling Theory909 Words   |  4 Pages The labeling theory is one of the critical perspective sociological theories of crime . Labeling theory was the first of the critical perspectives and like the other critical perspectives, it considers defining crime, as well as applying a label to those who commit what is defined as a crime to be problematic. Among the issues addressed by labeling theory are defining deviance based on primary deviance through implementing a label on the offender, discrimination by formal institutions, as well asRead MoreSociological Theory Of Labelization967 Words   |  4 Pageseffect on self-perspective. The labeling theory was built on deviant behaviors; consequently, certain individuals are labeled for their behavior. The labeling theory occurs in everyday life through the act of labelization. This topic can be defined when labels are placed on certain individuals based on the individuals actions, views, or way of life. Labelization has existed throughout history and has been an evident stimulator in life, causing no surprise that labeling is the most influential motivatorRead MoreThe Sociological Perspective On Medical Conditions1687 Words   |  7 Pagesthe external influences, rather than then internal influences, such as the social environment, institutions, and relationships to assess and explain illness. The sociological perspective contains the following theories to support its assessment of illness and they are: stigma, labeling theory, and medicalization. These three concepts play a large role in the sociological perspective. According to Freund, stigma is a discrediting label that changes the way an individual is viewed by their society (Freund)Read MoreThe Concept Of Labeling Of Juvenile Delinquents By Members Of Their Society1733 Words   |  7 Pages5 DB 1 The Interactionist Approach We are beginning to see more than often, labeling of juvenile delinquents by members of their society. The term labeling theory explains how labeling tends to applied members of society, whether it is formally or informally, and the type of effect these labeling can have on juveniles and deterrence. Akers Sellers, (2009), Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, (2010), states that the labeling theorists assert that society creates deviance by creating laws, and they tendRead MoreLabeling Theory And Self Identity1155 Words   |  5 PagesLabeling theory holds that individuals come to identify and act as per their labels. The major tenet of this theory is that the behavior and self-identity of individuals is affected by the way they are described by other people (Vold, Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, 2016). According to this theory, the act of deviance is not implicit in a particular act, but is hedged on the inclination of the majority to ascribe labels to minorities in society who deviate from stan dard behavior. Labeling leads to dramatizationRead MoreAbstract . The Labeling Theory Proposes That Once A Juvenile1582 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The labeling theory proposes that once a juvenile has been labeled a deviant or delinquent they become stigmatized as a criminal, and begin to believe the label or accept it in a self-fulfilling prophecy. Because of these labels, many juveniles continue with their deviant acts because they feel obligated to act out in a negative manner. Sociologists Tannenbaum, Becker, Lement are more interested in the reaction to the crime, not the cause of the crime, and have theorized that once anRead MoreLabeling Offenders Within The Criminal Justice1551 Words   |  7 Pagesparadigm that supports the use of labeling offenders within the criminal justice is cleverly, labeling theory. Mentioned lightly above, was the premise behind labeling theory. This theoretical paradigm is predominantly interesting in exploring labeling of offenders, due to the fact that it both targets the offenders, as well as the individuals who are placing labels or stigmatizing the offenders in the first place based of f the perceived deviant action. Labeling theory is truly prevalent, and is stillRead MoreSocial And Social Structure Theory1675 Words   |  7 PagesStructure Theory Introduction The social structure theory deliberates delinquency as a gathering of the person’s dealings with numerous groups, organizations, and process in the society. Any person irrespective of their prominence in life is likely to become delinquents if they continue with negative social affiliations. Every aspect of the society, social and economic must be viewed using the social structure theories to find the cause of crime and deviance. The social structure theories consist ofRead MoreRelationship Between Police Intervention And Juvenile Delinquency1459 Words   |  6 Pagesamplification. There are two main theories that initiate America’s juvenile justice system: labeling and deterrence. Essentially, labeling proponents believe that official intervention increases delinquency and, oppositely, deterrence theorists argue that it cracks down on deviancy. Wiley et al. (2016:283) want to â€Å"inform this debate by examining the effect of being stopped or arrested on subsequent delinquent behavior and attitudes†. They hypothesize their results to reflect labeling theorists because delinquencyRead MoreWhy Should People Commit Crime And Labeling Theory From A Sociological Perspective1743 Words   |  7 Pagesare two theories that are in debate, anomie-strain theory, and labeling theory. In this essay, I am going to compare and contrast the two theories and explain how tattooing has become a stigma in today s society. I am going to discuss three similarity views; first they share ties with social strain in deviance, by the way, society is structured. Second, they both deal with crime among minority group as well as crime rates in the United States. Third, both anomie-strain and labeling theory focus on

Marketing Development and Competitiveness

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Development and Competitiveness. Answer: Introduction Coca Cola Company was established in 1886 by Dr John Styth Pemberton and is the world most driving producer in drink industry. It works all-inclusive to more than 200 nations and delivers more than 400 refreshment brands. The number of drinks consumed per day is over 1.06 billion all around the world. The main objective of this industry is to supply everyone their favourite drink thereby satisfying wants and needs. It also aims at providing profit to the shareholders adopting strategic implementation to increase market share. The companys product includes syrups and beverages concentrations aiming at the finished beverages usages (Castronovo Huang, 2012). Being the most well-known trademark it gets the recognition by 94% of the total worlds population. Coca Cola utilizes publicizing as the principle source to build buyer mindfulness mostly being through TV and radio. This source helps reaching it to a larger audience. Companys back ground Coca cola presence began in 1886 with the creation of this distinct taste of soft drink sold at soda fountains. This flavoured syrup was deemed excellent making with naming the drink "Coca-Cola" planning the trademarked and particular script. The coca cola bottle was so distinctive that it recognised to set the brand apart from competition. For around 70 years the beverage produced and sold was flagship Coca Cola. After than many beverage selection and portions were made for every lifestyles, stages and occasion. Presently nearby 500 brands have been sold almost in 200 countries which amounts to 3500 beverages in various categories including low and non-calorie sparkling beverages, bottle water, energy drinks, sports, ready-to-drink teas, coffee, and regular. Available in mixing flavour combinations with new interactive fountain dispenser the company has a successful track record of product innovation (Dong, Janakiraman Xie, 2014). Owing to the changing needs among cultural diversit y Coca Cola is evident in taking initiatives from dedicated groups to identify emerging brands in innovation recycling programs and other packaging schemes. Even though the company is successful in selling its product to a wider range, there are still aspects where it can be improved in further observation. Now as per the marketing and advertising objectives it has to promote lesser known products under it to get more success (Iyer, Velu Mumit, 2014). In order to achieve these goals it plans in focusing its attention to advertise such products. Again it wants higher healthier lives i.e from choosing substituted goods. At this prosper advertising and marketing campaigns have increased the copanys brand power. Spending worth $3.37 billion of its 2013 revenues measured over loyalty points programs, point-of-sale marketing and store activations. Target/Segments Audiences As far as target market is concerned for Coca Cola the company has set certain limitations. The indications avoids for buying advertising in market audience ratio that includes who is 12 years under age. Now segmentation in marketing statement involves defining the appropriate products for different customers (Luxton, Reid Mavondo, 2015). The target group doesnt include any specific segment rather it adapts the strategy to develop new products. Concerning the coke addresses to everyone mainly the consumers belonging between 12-30 age people. This brand has succeeded in reaching these audiences through partnership among the consumers. Take for instances the restaurants, fast foods that are not upon gender basis but shows that both genders like this products to use it effectively. Even in case of life styles they are not targeted and are considered to be the most important part of coca cola consumers. Prepare communication objectives (e.g. IMC, brand awareness etc. etc.) Coca Cola has been launched in order to accomplish particular goals. Presently this is clear that fundamental target of this organization as a business substance is to amplify the benefit. Thus every effort has been put to achieve this primary objective. Even though the advertisement campaigns contributes for achieving this primary objective is many ways. In order to meet the marketing objectives the IMC strategic approach lies in dealing with growth and rate of the company. Now family brands are influenced driving the profitable growth, generating it through all channels and creating consistent services to the targeted customer (Petersen, Kushwaha Kumar, 2015). Through awareness among the people they face the products emphasizing to its competitors in market. Certain brands come with great taste that differentiates itself from other brands. Again, as the leader of the drinks it reinforces the brand to saturate with leading audiences. Creative strategy Coca Cola defined various criteria which assesses the success of the marketing campaign. This analysis helps is effectiveness building based upon the market share criteria. Now though the measure of effective integrated marketing communication, profitability is seen thus increasing the efficiency. The awareness is created for the company and among the related items. This focus is considered not as the primary objective because of high level of brand recognition that is widely known in the segment of the operation of the company. Secondly, it informs and educates the consumers and buyers showing the nutritional and health aspects of the coke. Again it reassures the customer to reinforce any particular desirable buying to behaviour (Parente Strausbaugh, 2014). It marketing objective is accomplished by integrating the consumption to the lifestyle of the customer. Another approach to evaluate success of marketing communication is through media. This involves building media relations ass essing through variety of media tools like number or total audience, number of journalists hosted, advertising equivalency, articles published, etc. As per the integrated approach to combine the comparative importance of the components and create a sensation builds the overall success of IM. This utilization will let Coca Cola continue as the market leader that will be recognized universally. Design message It is known that Coca Cola has billions to brand their beverage. Starting at the earlier advancement process this industry has helped cultivate culture in many countries one among is America. It led to a global sustainability program representing to commitment and making a difference in the world. There it emphasizes the importance of sustainability in the work they do pulling up the efforts being scattered in many divisions into a cohesive strategic. Now creative tools were employed to engage and design the entire visual system adding to the coke brand (Podnar Balmer, 2013). The design approach aims at simplifying to connect while supporting the commitment to offer choice. The design element helped uniting the trademark visually thereby refreshing and uplifting to new communicating messages. In order to give Coca Cola a modern look various modifications and re-imaginations were made featuring the sweeping lines and rounded corners. This imagination extended the global equity and ap pealed the original coca cola to come into life in campaign. Now featuring the product the heart of creativity allows customer to choose and suite as per their lifestyle, taste and diet. Develop media plan media strategy Media is considered as the most effective advertisement method that works upon the principle of published media and visual/aural media. Different types of media include newspaper, trade and professional press, internet as well as magazines. As for newspaper coca cola uses it widely for media advertising. Coca Cola has been occupied with promoting at this point for over 100 years. Essentially for magazines, this has likewise been broadly utilized at a worldwide level advertising the brands according to the reliability through the target customer segment (Pavlou Stewart, 2015). It has occupied the whole page of the magazine thus maximizing as positive impact of marketing initiatives. With respect to the web case this online notice is embraced through utilization of pop-up advertisements, flags, nearby sponsorships and other overing in a large number of sites. Coca Cola through TV is likewise expanding with the organization spending impressive measure of monetary assets and TV promotio ns in various nations changing from each other and considering the qualities of the nearby culture. This has however driven a positive effect of the TV notice activities. Budget It has been seen that more than 80 percent than $4 billion the company spends upon marketing. This is revealed as per the data put in 2013 where it spent $3.3 billion on advertisement. Due to the nature of the industry, Coca Cola makes a yearly commitment to such larger ad spending. Now this yearly advertising has increased steadily in the last 15 years. It is expected that coca cola might the advertisement budget to $1 billion b 2016. In 2014 coca cola became the largest advertiser in the beverage industry (Rawal, 2013). This allowed the industry to gain more competitive advantage in key areas. Again because of the spending and strategy successful introduction to new products into the marketplace was met leading to increase the brand equity and brand awareness and increasing the knowledge and overall sales. Evaluation An effective integrated marketing strategy is implemented effectively and is necessary for organizations in present day business word. Without it the odds to see the organization long haul development will be bargained. In this way to be fruitful the segments and all components of showcasing effort must be powerful. In this report I have talked about the related issues to Coca Cola Company bringing into concern their different items specifically. Here the organization depends on media broad development to lead its coordinated advertising correspondence technique. This strategy starts the leading procedure refering to scope of targets to accomplish and energize buyers. Keeping in mind the end goal to deliver the world's best known item, the organization needs to utilize the most astounding quality process along these lines building up measures that would ensure the creation of institutionalized item. This would some way or another meet customer desires every last time they look for drinking a container of Coca Cola. Presently add up to quality lies at the heart of procedure, thus coca cola puts mush emphasis on getting quality standards through continual seeking creative ways to improve its performance. Again, it has highlighted the peak point of media advertising strategy involving the route of better prospect handling through different media tools and arranging campaigns. As global companies needs generation of high profit levels; building an existing competitive advantage have to go through promotion and provision of value for money product. This is the same for Coca Cola for consistent expansion and development in its distribution system. References Castronovo, C. and Huang, L., 2012. Social media in an alternative marketing communication model.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,6(1), p.117. Dong, X., Janakiraman, R. and Xie, Y., 2014. The effect of survey participation on consumer behavior: The moderating role of marketing communication.Marketing Science,33(4), pp.567-585. Iyer, S., Velu, C. and Mumit, A., 2014. Communication and marketing of services by religious organizations in India.Journal of Business Research,67(2), pp.59-67. Luxton, S., Reid, M. and Mavondo, F., 2015. Integrated marketing communication capability and brand performance.Journal of Advertising,44(1), pp.37-46. Petersen, J.A., Kushwaha, T. and Kumar, V., 2015. Marketing communication strategies and consumer financial decision making: The role of national culture.Journal of Marketing,79(1), pp.44-63. Parente, D. and Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, K., 2014.Advertising campaign strategy: A guide to marketing communication plans. Cengage Learning. Podnar, K. and Balmer, J., 2013.Contemplating corporate marketing, identity and communication. Routledge. Pavlou, P.A. and Stewart, D.W., 2015. Interactive Advertising: A New Conceptual Framework Towards Integrating Elements of the Marketing Mix. InNew Meanings for Marketing in a New Millennium(pp. 218-222). Springer International Publishing. Rawal, P., 2013. AIDA Marketing Communication Model: Stimulating a purchase decision in the minds of the consumers through a linear progression of steps.IRCs International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Social Management,1, pp.37-44. Soba, M. and Aydin, M., 2013. Product placement efficiency in marketing communication strategy.International Journal of Business and Management,8(12), p.111. Schultz, D.E., Kim, I. and Kang, K., 2014. Integrated marketing communication research.The handbook of international advertising research, pp.455-483. Thorson, E. and Moore, J., 2013.Integrated communication: Synergy of persuasive voices. Psychology Press. Vernuccio, M. and Ceccotti, F., 2015. Strategic and organisational challenges in the integrated marketing communication paradigm shift: A holistic vision.European Management Journal,33(6), pp.438-449. Valos, M.J., Haji Habibi, F., Casidy, R., Driesener, C.B. and Maplestone, V.L., 2016. Exploring the integration of social media within integrated marketing communication frameworks: Perspectives of services marketers.Marketing Intelligence Planning,34(1), pp.19-40.

U.S. Governmentt Federalists Vs. Anti-Federalists Essays

U.S. Governmentt: Federalists Vs. Anti-Federalists The Federalists vs. The Anti-Federalists When the revolutionary war was over, the American colonists had found themselves free of British domination. Due to the fact that they were free from British control, they wanted to create their own system of government where tyranny would be practically diminished. Originally, the separate states were connected by The Articles of Confederation. But this document gave the central government no power of their own. Because of this, the states had many problems in international politics since they had just found freedom and did not have the respect of other countries. This caused a lot of thinking and it was decided that a document needed to be created to strengthen the central government and at the same time ensuring the safety of the states. So came to be the constitution. The constitution brought about a division between the American people. These two groups were the federalists, who believed that the constitution was good, and the anti-federalists who thought that the constitution would not be able to protect the rights of the people. These two groups had conflicting views but together, they both wanted the same thing. The same thing was that America should be controlled by the people by the principles of federalism. Both groups, the federalist and anti-federalists recognized the fact that power was being abused. They witnessed what had happened in the war and that their had been negative effects of power and the result was very clear. British vocation had made them very aware of the threat of corruption. Therefore, they wanted to make a government that would ensure the duration of an just republic. The federalists exclaimed that the constitution was the only way they could reach this goal of a just society. As James Wilson had said, the constitution would not give all the power to the legislature unless it was legally written down to ensure power was not mistreated. In the constitution, it does allow congress to make laws that help out the government in the area of execution of foreign powers. The view of the anti-federalists were obviously different. They believed that the power given to the congress was not safe since it put them too much in control. Hence they created the Bill of Rights to "establish justice, ensure domestic tranquillity and provide for the common defense..." The anti-federalists feared that the actual people would not be fairly represented by their new government since they would have the power to get rid of the individual rights of the people. The Bill of Rights claims it is for and by the people. Especially since America is so large, it does not ensure everyone's opinion would be heard. Many people did not like the idea of having representatives from each state because one man can not bring forth many different opinions. Anti-federalists believe that liberty only is present when there are few people and they can actually get their voice projected. In a large population, like America, the citizens do not get individual freedom and are deprived of their rights. Yet, Madison a federalist stated that in a small republic, tyranny could be much more assessable since it would be easier to dominate others. Unlike in a large republic which is made up of many views where as it is less chance that a few can dominate others. Even in individual states it is easy to elect officials since people can be easily controlled when there aren't many people. In other word, the more the people, the less chance of bribery and inducement. Another benefit of a larger republic is that there would be a variety of people representing them and their would be many candidates to pick from. Ensuring the highest quality government. In a small republic, options would be very select making it an unfair election. Besides finding officials to best represent the people, there were many other controversial topics that faced the American people. The topic of taxation brought about many different ideas of what should be. The anti-federalists believed that by forming a new system would be very challenging because that is what they know and use. The first problem they found was that states would not want to have two state taxes. This is unfair to the people. They also argued that a state tax was unfair since each state was different with different needs. This could very well destroy a state economically

Informing about certain event

Informing about certain event Potential Needs of the Families of the Miners When Receiving the Message While informing about certain event, accident, or object, it is imperative to learn the target audience to whom a speaker addresses. Specifically, profiling the audience and analyzing the steps of message reporting are essential for shaping the final report.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Informing about certain event specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In particular, attention should be paid to the appropriate language, use of specialized terms, style of report, and topic covered. At this point, considering the families of the trapped miners, it is important to focus on the language of representation and the topics covered. There is no need to represent information about some technical characteristics of the mine, but about the state of the miners, the depth of their location, and the time needed to rescue the victims of the collapse. Im portantly, the exact number of the miners should also be named, as well as the measures taken to rescue the trapped people. Finally, there should be encouraging words that would reassure the families that everything possible has been done to save the miners. Looking at the message from this perspective, Weik (2010) managed to define the main structure and elements of successful message. Hence, because the information was presented the next day after the catastrophe, there was no mentioning about the potential threats about the plans of the rescue groups. The channels of transmitting information should be face-to-face, or private to make sure that each member of family was informed and reassured that all evaluation plans are developed. Potential Needs of the Company’s Employees When Receiving the Message Delivering message to the company’s employee as the target audience, the message should provides sufficient information about the main causes of the collapse, as well a s the chances for survival. They should also be aware of the potential threats for the miners.Advertising Looking for research paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The current state of the mine should also be assessed to the employees to be aware of the technical risks of underground working. At this time, it is necessary to represent information about previous accidents taken place at this mine to define the probability of the future cave-ins. Such information has been presented by Yang (2010). The report, therefore, reveals facts about previous disasters and compares with the outcomes of this particular accident. This statistics is important for employees to assess the actual threats and define the preventive measure that could be taken in future. Action to be Taken before and after the Message is Delivered to Ensure That It Was Received as Intended Before delivering the message, the com municator must make sure that the audience is ready to accept the information. In this respect, the chosen communicational channels should be appropriate enough to send the message to the target audience. Aside from paths of rendering message, the sender should identify the purpose of the message by looking through its different components. In addition, it is also necessary to identify whether the message should be written or sent electronically. When addressing the families of the miners, it is better to send the message via e-mail in order to keep the information confidential and avoid misspelled message coming from the mass media. Otherwise, the original message can be significantly distorted by the media richness. Hence, the senders should make sure that the message has a sufficient background for the audience to understand the content. When the message is received by the audience, it is imperative to ensure the effectiveness of the feedback channels. In other words, the senders should be ready to respond to the potential needs and concerns of the audience that received the message.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Informing about certain event specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They should also be responsible for the outcomes that message would have both for the families of the miners and for the company’s employees. Hence, the tasks of the message reporters is to communicate more than just factual information and provide a message with a specific tone, style, and relationship, with regard to the audience they address. At this point, when the message is received, the sender should arrange the most appropriate channel of feedback and make sure that all messages written are successfully delivered to the receiver. After the message is sent, it is also imperative to wait for the receiver response and the role of the sender here lies in encouraging response through face-to-face ch annel. Communication Draft Addressing Families of Miners On August, 2010, a small copper mine in northern Chile suffered a collapse. 33 miners were trapped underground. The rescuing operations have been taking place to define the location of the workers for four days. Until then, there are not facts supporting that 33 miners are lost at the depth of around 300 meters. The rescue activists do not cease their operations in the hope to drill the hole and find out all the miners alive. Communication Draft Addressing Company’s Employees On August, 2010, our cooper mine in the northern Chile suffered a cave-in and left 33 workers underground. There is no official information about the state of the trapped people. Apparently, the main reason for the disaster was the recent earthquakes and the construction is too old to remain solid. Therefore, certain operation will be implemented to drill the hole and identify the location of the workers. The investigation of the case will be carri ed out to find out the main causes of the collapse. References Weik. J. (2010). Over 30 workers trapped after Chilean Copper Mine Collapse. Metal Bulletin Daily. 224, 1.Advertising Looking for research paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Yang, J. (2010). From Collapse to Rescue: Inside the Chile Mine Disaster. The Start. Web.

Art appreciation class Essay Example

Art appreciation class Essay Example Art appreciation class Paper Art appreciation class Paper Aesthetics simply means relating to, appreciating, or perceiving the beautiful. Beauty, if it can be defined simply, means whatever captures your heart for that moment in time that you have been blessed. We are always told that beauty is in the eye of the beholder, but I think it is the perspective of that eye that makes anything even more beautiful. Beauty can be something to perceive or observe, but only when the spectator becomes a participant, can someone truly begin to appreciate it for all that it may have to offer. Many people may agree that something is beautiful, but the depth of that beauty can eventually become fathomless beyond the point of imagination if experienced. I remember fondly when, as children, we would run wildly across the field and lie on our backs as we let the blades of grass tickle our ears while the warm summer wind blew across the yard and swirled around us. The leaves of the trees could be heard taking deep breaths for the thicket just across the fence from where we would be. We would lie there gazing at the sky as the stage full of performing clouds of every shape and size would dance in front of us. For the adults, it must have appeared that our internal engines had finally run out of gas as we would limply fall or jump on the ground, when actually, play had merely taken a different form for a while. Those memories and visions are beautiful to think about; especially when considering the simplicity of life back then, and even more fun to remember when time stops and allows for reflection. Aesthetics is, as a parent, being able to watch my kids do similar things and it warms my heart like a warm July sun. Hearing the laughter ring through the air as they run and jump and play games that are not full of restricting rules, and barriers of guidance; watching them as they run in circles chasing leaves that are blowing across the ground, or catching flutter-bys on the wildflowers in the meadow. It is almost as if they are teasing the children to try and catch them if they can, and as the tiny creature grows weary of the game, it simply flies higher into the sky, out of reach, and away from the commotion. The children are simply bound by the ideal of being able to be together and have fun. Falling down means you simply get back up and run again without concern of hurt or pain because you have a task at hand that needs immediate attention have fun. Somewhere in the deepest part of all our lives, is a special moment in time where we thought we could live forever. The days of Peter Pan and Wendy and never growing up were at one point in our lives, something we thought we could do; some may have even believed they could fly like those fabled characters or have powers like their favorite superhero. So if the saying beauty is in the eye of the beholder is true, then things like hearing a babys laugh, and seeing a childs first steps; or looking into your lovers eyes must surely be things of beauty. But when it is all said and done, in those last fleeting moments of life, if there is a loved one to offer a hand to hold, then all things transcend from being beautiful, and they become priceless.

Online consumer behaviors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Online consumer behaviors - Essay Example Addictive, compulsive, and impulsive buying are types of uncontrolled consumer behavior that have drew interest in actual shopping settings. Personally, uncontrolled buying can lead to serious life problems and consumer impoverishments. Generally, it could raise consumer prices and sustain the social problems of extreme poverty (LaRose & Eastin, 2002). Now that buying and selling have reached the Internet, has uncontrolled buying behavior become more intense?LaRose (2001) reported that major e-commerce sites possess attributes that could encourage uncontrolled buying behavior. Studies show that online buyers were more impulsive than traditional ones and that that impulsive consumers comprised a significant portion of the general population of e-commerce buyers. There was sketchy proof of addiction in statements of ‘eBay addicts’, a study on compulsive online buying (Chen, 2009). With vast numbers of online shoppers today, uncontrolled online buying emerges as a major con sumer problem. Examining Online Consumer Behaviors Teenagers and young adults are the target market of online shopping because they are the first online generation of buyers. This social group spends roughly 12 percent of their whole earnings online, and these purchases are mostly books, music, and clothes commonly linked to compulsive buying (LaRose & Eastin, 2002, 549). Young people are particularly predisposed to unreasonable buying habits because of their tendency toward ‘excessive’ online activities and uncontrolled traditional buying as well as easily accessible credit cards. According to Milne and colleagues (2009), research on compulsive buying shows that these tendencies are developed in late adolescence. According to developmental studies, Milne and colleagues (2009) added, depression negatively affects adolescents and young adults more often than other age groups, and depression has been discovered to significantly influence the emergence and growth of extrem e buying habits. Undoubtedly, the buying habits of people have changed. As stated in the 2010 report of Forrester Research, online revenues will be at $331 billion in the United States alone. The enlarging population of online buying households along with website upgrading and retailer improvements will push e-commerce to form 13 percent of overall retail earnings in 2010 (Chih-Chung & Chang, 2005, 41). Online revenues will increase at a 15 percent compound annual growth rate between 2004 and 2010. Therefore, as the Internet continuously becomes a widespread channel for consumer activities across the globe, it becomes ever more crucial to determine the aspects influencing consumer use of e-commerce. A number of studies examine the aspects influencing consumer online buying. However, Goldsmith (2010 as cited in Chih-Chung & Chang, 2005, 41) states that most studies on online buying habits is quite explanatory and not derived from consumer theory. Therefore, this paper uses the social cognitive theory of Albert Bandura to examine online consumer behavior. According to Faber and O’Guinn (1992), media were given an insignificant role in uncontrolled buying behavior in the past: encouraging consumer impulses with marketing or advertising. With the intervention of the whole retail industry thru e-commerce, a more inclusive theoretical perspective is needed. LaRose (2001) consolidated addictive, compulsive, and impulsive buying within the paradigm of Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory, asserting that they created a range of behavior characterizing different levels of poor self-control. Nearly all consumers have a tendency to buy impulsively, which is to purchase rashly, irrationally, and spontaneously (LaRose & Eastin, 2002, 549). For several consumers, the yearning for particular products or services changes to a common yearning for compulsive buying, which is repeated, persistent buying that becomes a main reaction to

How convincingly do the two studies establish media influence, and why Literature review

How convincingly do the two studies establish media influence, and why they reach rather different conclusions about the media's role - Literature review Example In this study, the authors have conjectured that newspapers have a long term effect on voting patterns. It was believed by these political theorists that the data obtained from the BHPS could provide substantial insight, into the changes that transpire between elections, during pre – elections and in election years. The significant feature of the BHPS is that it gathers information about newspaper reading habits, on a daily basis. In general, many newspapers recommend to their readers the candidate to vote for, and this usually constitutes the basis for their classification. However, the BHPS adopted a markedly different categorisation, by classifying newspapers according to their long – term support to political parties (Newton and Brynin 2001, 272). The BHPS study, fails to consider the partisan attitude of newspapers, and chiefly concentrates on national daily newspapers. A significant disadvantage with the BHPS data is that its questionnaires did not query readers, regarding the amount of time dedicated by them for reading newspapers. Respondents were also not questioned about their interest in the political content of the newspapers read by them (Newton and Brynin 2001, 272). These lacunae in this study render it suspect. In the working paper Was it the Sun that won it again? the author based his study on the data obtained from the 1997 British Election Campaign Study. The latter entailed a four wave panel study, and was carried out between spring of 1996 and the weeks immediately after May 1, 1997, the Election Day. The first phase of the study involved direct interaction with the respondents. In this first phase of this study, the 1996 British Social Attitudes survey had supplied the respondents with the necessary questionnaires (Curtice 1999). The second phase of the study consisted of interviews over the telephone, and was conducted during the first two weeks of April 1997. By that time the election

How occupational stress affects mental health Essay Example for Free

How occupational stress affects mental health Essay Stress is a normal condition that affects many people. However too much stress leads to both mental and physical health. When a person has, too much stress there is a high probability that a person will stop functioning normally. Severe stress also can also lead to breakdown. This can be observed through the behavior that a person exposes. This means that a person changes the set of patterns of behaviors. Their performance in day to day duties are also affected and become worse as days pass. A person tends to lose interest and the ability of functioning as a normal person. These are obvious signs of nervous breakdown. Severe stress cause mental disorders in people. This happens especially if the stress becomes severe. It is good for one to deal with stress because of the effects it has on the mental health. This is because some of the factors that lead to stress are complicated for the mind to handle. Stress compels one part of the body against another part of the mind. This leads to pulling and pushing against the positive forces. This then leads to compression of emotions and thoughts. This makes a person to have feelings of loss of control of life. If a person dwells on the negative feelings this makes the person to have high possibilities of being subject to mental illness. The mental health is affected as stress leads to change of the equilibrium in the brain, which applies pressure to the mind. Lack of reinstatement of the equilibrium leads to chemical imbalances and diseases. In case the mind has some faulty areas, this makes a person have difficulty in coping with stress. This leads to more negative thinking including suicidal thoughts (The British Psychological Society, 1993). There are several symptoms of stress and anxiety caused at work. Stress at work is caused by work pressure, relationships, at6 work or issues related to finances. The nature of work has changed over the last century and is still undergoing change drastically. With these drastic change, stress is inevitable as workers try to cope with the changes. Stress by the workers is dangerous as it affects not only their health but also the health of the organization. The symptoms of work stress vary from person to person depending on the situation or how ling a person is subjected to the stress and the stress intensity. Some of the typical symptoms of work stress include lack of concent6tartion in one responsibility, frequent absenteeism without valid excuses, some workers turn to substance abuse and one show some signs of frustrations and extreme anger, which is usually directed to fellow workers (Tetrick, 1987). Workers who are at high risk of getting stress and anxiety are the ones who are experiencing job insecurity as a result of the metamorphic changes that may be occurring in the work place. Reorganizations, downsizing and takeovers are some of the changes that occur in organizations that lead employees to have stress and become anxious, as sometimes they do not understand where future in the organization lies. High demand for performance also leads to stress and anxiety for instance increased workload, long hours of working and intense pressure to perform at peak levels but without increase of the pay. Workers who are faced with these kinds of p-pressures have possibility of getting anxious and stressed. People who their believes conflict and those who are unable to cope with workplace culture also have high possibilities of getting stress and anxiety (Tetrick, 1987). Example of workplace cultures that may lead to stress include adapting to dress code, communication pattern, hierarchy and the behavioral patterns. If a person experiences stress and anxiety as a result of the above and does not seek help the stress and anxiety may be worse leading to mental and physical problem. There are various ways in which individual can deal with stress. It is necessary for one to be able to change with time so that to prevent stress. Being able to change with time makes a person feel more secure. Foe example, in work places it is important for an individual to be continually prepared for any change that might arise so that to survive and avoid stress. It is also good for one to find emotional and moral support from friends and family members. It is good to find time to remotivate and reenergize whenever one feels down. This prevents the stress from escalating to more severe problem. Individuals who turn to substance abuse, as a way of relieving stress should also avoid this because substance abuse acts as way of increasing the stress. It important to develop positive attitude towards every situation in life including stressful situations. This is done to prevent situations such as fear anger and negative thinking, which leads to stress. This can be done by employing personal growth techniques such as exercises, breathing and meditation. Work place stress can also be reduced by celebration of accomplishment of other people’s accomplishment. In case of stress that is chronic, it is advisable to seek assistance from a health profession (Koeske, Kirk Koeske, 1993). This knowledge regarding stress and anxiety and the ways to handle them is important as it help me understand that in some cases they may not be inevitable in the workplace. By understanding this, it is important to understand the way to prevent them from occurring and way I can do to stop them from affecting my performance. The knowledge is also helpful as it make me understand ways I can help my colleagues whom I find with the problem in the future.

The Minimum Wage and Social Security are Bad for America :: Minimum Wage Essays

"A close examination of America's unemployment rates suggests that minimum wage laws deserve a big share of the blame. Businesses are not charities, they only create jobs when they think a worker will generate net revenue. Higher minimum wages are especially destructive for people with poor work skills and limited work experience." -- Dan Mitchell, senior fellow, Cato Institute. In Henry Hazlitt’s book Economics in One Lesson, he explains some basic differences in which a good economist is separated from a bad economist. Hazlitt conveys that, â€Å"the art of economics consists in looking not merely at the immediate but at the longer effects of any act or policy; it consists in tracing the consequences of that policy not merely for one group but for all groups† (Hazlitt, 2)1. Hazlitt’s theory that the â€Å"bad† economist looks only at the immediate impact of an act or policy and does not evaluate how it effects all groups in the long run, goes hand in hand with the law of unintended consequences. The law of unintended consequences can be described as, â€Å"actions of people, and especially government, always have effects that are unanticipated or unintended† (Norton).2 In other words when the short run effects on one specific group is all that is taken into consideration, down the road consequences that can affect other g roups will arise. One thing is for certain; unintended consequences come forward in the long run in all facets of the economy. In many ways economics is a balancing act, and with any policy or act somewhere down the road consequences will show themselves that were not necessarily intended from the get go. One economic policy that proves to show unintended consequences over time is the raising of minimum wages in the workforce. The immediate impact that takes place in some economist’s eyes is the fact more money is being placed in the pockets or lower income struggling households. However, looking at it this way causes the unintended consequences to be overlooked. Furthermore, in the long run a large hike in minimum wage would actually cut jobs, thus putting those looking to benefit from a higher hourly wage out of work. As explained here, â€Å"Duke researchers have found that after an increase in the minimum wage, the least skilled 3 employees are crowded out of their jobs as better educated teenagers are drawn into the work force† (McDonald).4 Now the same employees and families who were targeted to benefit from a minimum wage increase our now suffering.

Things Fall Apart: Literary Analysis

In China Achebe's Things Fall Apart, the Bib culture is depicted as a civilized society although it is quite the contrary. The Bib tribe is first portrayed as a civilized society t o those who live amongst it with good morals, a safe environment along with its leaders, and a stable r elision. Throughout the novel,it is clear that the Bib people are not a civilized society. In Things Fall Apart, Known is an important male role who disagrees with his culture and whether or not his cultural traditions are moral.This is evident in Known when Chin a Achebe states,†Known had felt for the first time a snapping inside him†¦ When they heard an I enfant crying in the thick forest. † (Achebe, 61) This is an example of a conflict dealing with morals because Known is said to have this horrid feeling as they are passing by the thick forest, and they hear an in fan's cry he feels bad about the situation because that baby was put there for being a twin and it was t radiation to thro w twins in the Evil Forest.Known realizes that this is not morally correct and is inhuman en Just like it wouldn't be correct to follow through with this tradition now a days in any culture. Of of, FAA, a columnist of Ghanaian states in her column on the book, Things Fall Apart,†He could have censored all the gory details if he chose to †¦. The throwing of twins into the evil forest etc.All of these fly in the face of our general human values today,† meaning that such a tradition now a days w loud be immoral and wrong and the author gave us such details and made them important so they he could portray a better picture about what kind of society the Bib are, an uncivilized society. The Bib society practices such as having more than one wife, the male being the lea deer of the souse, and the family violence seen in the novel provide another reason as to why the e Bib society is uncivilized.For example, in the novel it says,†She was Ginkgo's second wife, Kef, who m he nearly shot,†( Achebe, 39) when speaking of the time Awoken almost shoots his sec ND wife for a small misunderstanding, this quote shows both the practices of having more than on e wife and family violence, which are both corrupt practices. This information being provided to the re adders by the author helps better understand how the Bib society is and whether or not it is civilized. Like polygamy and attractor and the violence it sometimes engenders against women,† states Poof, FAA a, when explaining how the Bib society practices and actions shown in the novel would go against social norms today and are not very civilized practices and actions to begin with. The tragic death of Awakening, being killed by his fatherly figure,the novel's protagonist SST, and tragic hero is another major reason as to why the Bib are not civilized. My father the y have killed me,†leukemia said as he ran towards Awoken,†who drew his machete and cut him down. â€Å"(Achebe, 61). These two quotes are used to explain how Awakening dies and also to show the d reek side of Awoken and how far he would go to be seen as not weak, they whole event in the no vela can be used as an example to show how the Bib are uncivilized because first, Awakening was killed because Ann., the goddess, said he must be killed and second because it is is murder and murder I s morally wrong. The killing of Awakening who had become a part of Ginkgo's family,† writes Poof, F FAA when explaining that the murder of Awakening by his so called father was provided by the author to understand the novel, and most of all culture and society of the Bib, and how they are coarse and uncivilized in many ways. The Bib society is uncivilized despite the fact that it is first shown as a civilized society .Whether or not the Bib society was civilized is important because it shows how times have chaw engaged, this novel having been written in the sass's and even though the culture may be diffe rent, man y practices, actions, and beliefs shown in the novel affected many and are still being put to practice now a days in different 2 ways. These actions were not morally Justified back then but no one was punished, it was not stopped, it was allowed. Unlike today where women can be the leaders of the house, murder is never Justified, ND throwing twin babies in a forest is wrong. Things Fall Apart (Literary Analysis) Things Fall Apart Literary Analysis Okonkwo and his father, Unoka, were two very different people. With just one wife and nothing to leave behind to his only son, Unoka was seen as a failure in the eyes of his village. Okonkwo, however, became a titled man with three wives and a successful harvest every season. He was well respected in his community, despite his impulsive tendencies and rigidness. Although he despised Unoka, Okonkwo would not have grown to be the man that he did if it weren't for his father. Okonkwo was aware of his father's chronic laziness growing up and he knew firsthand the consequences of that kind of lifestyle.He learned from Unoka's mistakes, and as an adult tried to become the opposite of him. â€Å"Okonkwo was ruled by one passion- to hate everything his father had loved. One of those things was gentleness and another was idleness. † He didn't want to be judged based on the faults his father, and he proved that he was indeed everything Unoka was not: Strong, successful, determined and hardworking. Okonkwo also lived in perpetual fear of being perceived as weak, as his father had been. This fear drove him to do reckless things such as kill Ikemefuna, who had regarded Okonkwo as a father-figure. Dazed with fear, Okonkwo drew his machete and cut him down. He was afraid of being thought weak. † Such impulsive actions proved him to be tough on the outside, but only weakened him on the inside. Okonkwo came to love Ikemefuna like a son, because he was much more like himself than his own biological son, Nwoye. However, he would never show his affection and later became deeply depressed by what he'd done. Nwoye, too, chose a very different path than his father. Okonkwo always thought Nwoye was lazy and feminine, much like Unoka. â€Å"‘†¦ I have done my best to make Nwoye grow into a man, but there is too much of his mother in him. ‘Too much of his grandfather,' Obierika thought, but he did not say it. The same th ought also came to Okonkwo's mind. † Later in Nwoye's life, he defied his father's wishes and joined the Christian church. Upon hearing this news, Okonkwo disowned him as a son. I think this shows that how we're raised greatly influences the people we become as adults. Okonkwo, who's father didn't have many expectations of him, created high expectations for himself. However, Nwoye failed to meet Okonkwo's high standards and eventually gave up on trying to please him.

Counseling Psychology

A fuller understanding of clients’ problems within the province of psychological counseling involves not only the cogency of the framework employed but also how it applies in practice. Mindful of the fact that there is no single intervention or explanation that can possibly apply to all cases; there is a pressing need for counseling psychologists to take into consideration the client’s point of view; that is, how the client understands, appropriates and integrates for his/herself his/her current situation.If we are to characterize the past two decades, we may say that it is noted for an increased emphasis on methodological diversity, not only in approaches but also, and more importantly, in terms of alternative research methods in counseling psychology (Goldman, 1976; Howard, 1983). In this aspect, the emergence of pragmatism allowed for diverse approaches in counseling psychology which values both objective and subjective knowledge (Hanson, 2005, p.226). Mindful of thi s significant shift in theorizing and research, this paper seeks to articulate the underpinnings of the generalist approach to counseling psychology, their problems and limitations so as to provide feasible solutions for a more pragmatic approach that is beneficial not only for the clients but for the practitioner as well. The dominant approach in the profession of counseling psychology is the generalist model of intervention.The generalist approach is essentially a problem-solving approach which operates on the assumption that as experts, psychologists know best, since they have the necessary knowledge, skills and training in handling clients’ problems. Six interrelated steps/stages are involved in the generalist intervention model: (1) assessment, (2) planning, (3) intervention, (4) evaluation, (5) termination, and (6) follow up.The essential difference between the generalist and the person-centered approach in terms of intervention is that the generalist sees the relations hip in the â€Å"expert-client† kind of way, whereas, it is not necessarily the case for the person-centered approach. The counseling psychologist who employs the person-centered approach knows the value of emphatic listening and applies it to his/her clients for this will be of great help in addressing the client’s need for positive regard from others.If the client feels comfortable with the counseling psychologist because the latter knows how to listen, then this will be of great help in boosting the client’s self-worth. The person-centered approach was developed from the client-centered approach by Carl Rogers. Regarding the impact of the person-centered approach, Krebs and Blackman (1988) wrote: â€Å"The person-centered approach has had impact on domains outside of therapy such as family life, education, leadership, conflict resolution, politics and community health.† On a preliminary note, it may be said that for Krebs and Blackman, the person-cente red approach has many interesting and fruitful applications. As was noted earlier, Roger’s person-centered therapy is a modification of his client-centered therapy, the foundation of which is a phenomenological and existential framework on construing a theory of personality. An adequate theory of personality, as Roger sees it, must take into account the core notions of (1) human nature and (2) the human condition and the reason for improving the aforementioned condition.He writes: â€Å"the core of man's nature is essentially positive† (1961, p. 73). He adopts an organismic view of the person in a positive way. It is positive in the sense that the person, as an organism, is driven by an actualizing tendency. This idea is actuallly not something new and may be compared to the ancient Greeks idea of the telos which is the Greek term for end or purpose. In Aristotle’s view, for instance, man’s telos involves the actualization of the distinctive human functio n.It is, in this direction then that human beings ought to move [that is, the actualization of the human potentials]. â€Å"The good life is a process not a state of being. It is a direction, not a destination (Rogers, 1961, p. 186)†. The Self then for Rogers, is driven by the said actualizing tendency. A fully-functioning person for Rogers is a person who is developing, or if I may use Aristotle’s word â€Å"flourishing†. The fully-functioning person flourishes, so to speak, that is, geared towards development. Development in this sense, would involve personality development.Since man’s nature, as Rogers claims, is positive then he/she will seek personality development. If the person-centered approach to counseling psychology is more appropriate in terms of producing successful outcomes, then perhaps we may consider juxtaposing such an approach with the constructivist framework. According to Neimeyer (1995) constructivism represents a meta-theory and epi stemologic stance that emphasises self-conceiving, self-organising, and proactive features of human knowing (cited in Savickas, 2000, p. 60).Moreover, by juxtaposing the person-centered approach with constructivism, both the client and the counseling psychologist may continuously review, revise and re-orient themselves with the things that they know and how they live their lives. This is to say that there is no monopoly in terms of the learning process that takes place since both the client and the counseling psychologist takes an active part in the meaning-making process. This way, psychology becomes humanistic. Rogers’ person-centered approach is of this type.Humanistic psychology, as a reaction to positivistic psychology, sheds light on important questions that matter, not only for the client and practitioner, learner and teacher. Schneider, et. al, summarized these questions as follows: â€Å"What does it mean to be fully experientially human? † and â€Å"How does that understanding illuminate the fulfilled or vital life? † (Schneider, et. al, 2001, p. xx). These questions are questions of universal concern and have been framed in different ways by different thinkers in different periods in the history of ideas.In the final analysis, we may take refuge in the thought that developing humanistic psychology brings us closer to understanding our human condition, our situatedness. In so doing, it also gives us a fuller understanding of our very own humanity. For it is by knowing who we are and where we stand can we chart the rightful path towards a just and humane society. References Goldman, L. (1976). â€Å"A Revolution in Counseling Psychology. † Journal of Counseling Psychology. 23: 543-552. Hanson, W. E. (2005). â€Å"Mixed Methods Research Designs in Counseling Psychology. † Journal of Counseling Psychology. 52: 224-235. Howard, G. S. (1983).â€Å"Toward Methodological Pluralism. † Journal of Counseling Psychology . 30: 19-21. Krebs, D. , Blackman, R. (1988). Psychology: A First Encounter. Toronto: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Rogers, C. R. (1965). â€Å"A Humanistic Conception of Man†. In R. E. Farson (ed. ) Science and Human Affairs: Science and Behavior Books, Inc. ___. (1961). On Becoming a Person. Houghton Mifflin. Savickas, M. L. (2000). â€Å"Renovating the Psychology of Careers for the Twenty First Century. † The Future of Career. Cambridge University Press. Schneider, K. J. , et. al. (2001). The Handbook of Humanistic Psychology: Leading Edges in Theory, Research and Practice. Sage.

Advanced Audio Coding and Walkman Essays

Advanced Audio Coding and Walkman Essays Advanced Audio Coding and Walkman Essay Advanced Audio Coding and Walkman Essay Technology has played an of import in portion in market and in the society. It has brought positive every bit good as negative alterations. The patterned advance from sheet music to the innovation of a record player to the Walkman. Cadmium participant and the iPod has created a modernised society. Peoples tend to travel along with these alterations making a market. The thought of reassigning digital music to your iPod without purchase of a Cadmium or an audiotape may look like an extraordinary thought but the thought of digital music has led to the downloading of illegal music. The Walkman may hold been the turning point in the music entering industry. It was a concatenation reaction for ulterior merchandises such as the iPod and the CD participant. Long before the iPod made its manner into the market doing 1000000s ; the Walkman was the voguish engineering. Sony introduced the Walkman in the seventiess. a new innovation that led to be a monolithic hit. Sony ended up selling around 50 thousand pieces by the terminal of two months after its release. Finally. other celebrated trade names such as Toshiba and Panasonic entered the walkman market making a market in the early 1980s. Surprisingly. the production of the Walkman led to an addition in physical activities. This portable device could be carried anywhere and had a hook to attach to any point of vesture. Peoples started exerting more as one can listen to his or her pick of music while working out particularly in secondary schools. This brought a alteration in the society as people began to implement physical preparation more frequently. This besides had a disadvantage since people who had their earphones plugged in tend to be more apathetic to their milieus. This created an environment. where everyone is tuned in into their small environment being unmindful to what is go oning around them. With the creative activity of Walkman. the sale of digital sound tapes besides increased. As iPods are the twenty-first century popular signifiers of music participant engineering. the Walkman was the latest thing. This coevals became more wired’ as adolescents started to turn apart from the impression of immature people together singing the vocals of the twenty-four hours or the old vocals in forepart of their houses. Sheet music became disused. as fewer and fewer people moved to a more modernised engineering and epoch. Comparing to the progresss in the twenty-first century. the Walkman is seen as an old portable sound cassette participant. where rewinding and send oning a vocal would take 20 or 30 seconds. The latest music engineering. mp3s or iPod. hold put people at an easiness with sophisticated engineering and its touch screen show has bought a alteration in this profit-making concern. The slipperiness construction and the advanced A Walkman today would be you simply twenty dollar where as an iPod can be anyplace from a hundred to a twosome hundred dollars. How digital music is illicitly downloaded and used today on music participants. Walkman on the other manus required the purchase of audiotapes. As Paul Du Gay notes in his book Doing cultural surveies: the narrative of the Sony Walkman’ . the Walkman accustomed persons to tune out from the milieus and caused them to be recluse. This besides led to a cause of a gneration spread between adolescents and their parents or older siblings. The Walkman was used by people when in crowded topographic points. such as trains or coachs as a agency to submerge away noises. This seemed as an effectual manner to making your ain infinite but this finally leads to people tuning themselves out even when at place. Adolescents liked to maintain their earphones on throughout the twenty-four hours ; I believe this led to a distance between them and their equals. Finally. a type of distance grew among people. sheet music was about nonextant and the customary rite of singing together was far disappeared. In decision. the Walkman has decidedly been a leap from the traditional tape recording equipment participants to portable audio participants. Its creative activity has had its advantages and disadvantages. The addition in the degree of physical activity has increased among the proprietors of Walkman due to the fact that it is portable. Although. on a downside the Walkman has besides led to the creative activity of a privy attitude.

Pelear Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples

Pelear Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples The Spanish verb pelear means to fight. It can mean to have a physical fight, but also a verbal fight like to argue or quarrel. Pelear is a regular -ar verb, so it has a regular conjugation, like other -ar verbs such as buscar, tratar and ayudar. This article includes pelear conjugations in the indicative mood (present, past, conditional, and future), the subjunctive mood (present and past), the imperative mood, and other verb forms. Using Pelear and Pelearse The verb pelear can be used when talking about fighting or arguing with someone, as in Yo peleo mucho con mi jefe (I argue with my boss a lot). It can also be used to talk about fighting for something, as in Ella pelea por sus derechos (She fights for her rights), or to compete for something, as in Nuestro equipo pelea por el primer lugar (Our team fights for first place). When used with the reflexive pronoun it can simply mean to have a fight with someone, as in Ella se peleà ³ con su hermana (She had a fight with her sister), but it can also have the reciprocal meaning of fighting with each other, as in Los enemigos se pelean todos los dà ­as (The enemies fight with each other every day). Pelear Present Indicative The present indicative conjugation of pelear is regular, so it follows the same pattern of other -ar regular verbs. Yo peleo I fight Yo peleo con mi hermano frecuentemente. Tà º peleas You fight Tà º peleas por la igualdad de gà ©nero. Usted/à ©l/ella pelea You/he/she fights Ella pelea por sus derechos. Nosotros peleamos We fight Nosotros peleamos para ganar la carrera. Vosotros peleis Youfight Vosotros peleis mucho por los juguetes. Ustedes/ellos/ellas pelean You/they fight Ellos pelean por cualquier cosa. Pelear Preterite Indicative The preterite tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past. Yo peleà © I fought Yo peleà © con mi hermano frecuentemente. Tà º peleaste You fought Tà º peleaste por la igualdad de gà ©nero. Usted/à ©l/ella peleà ³ You/he/she fought Ella peleà ³ por sus derechos. Nosotros peleamos We fought Nosotros peleamos para ganar la carrera. Vosotros peleasteis Youfought Vosotros peleasteis mucho por los juguetes. Ustedes/ellos/ellas pelearon You/they fought Ellos pelearon por cualquier cosa. Pelear Imperfect Indicative The imperfect tense is used to talk about ongoing or repeated actions in the past. It can be translated to English as was fighting or used to fight. Yo peleaba I used to fight Yo peleaba con mi hermano frecuentemente. Tà º peleabas You used to fight Tà º peleabas por la igualdad de gà ©nero. Usted/à ©l/ella peleaba You/he/she used to fight Ella peleaba por sus derechos. Nosotros pelebamos We used to fight Nosotros pelebamos para ganar la carrera. Vosotros peleabais Youused to fight Vosotros peleabais mucho por los juguetes. Ustedes/ellos/ellas peleaban You/they used to fight Ellos peleabanpor cualquier cosa. Pelear Future Indicative The future tense conjugation starts with the infinitive (pelear) and then you add the endings (à ©, s, , emos, à ©is, n). Yo pelearà © I will fight Yo pelearà © con mi hermano frecuentemente. Tà º pelears You will fight Tà º pelears por la igualdad de gà ©nero. Usted/à ©l/ella pelear You/he/she will fight Ella pelear por sus derechos. Nosotros pelearemos We will fight Nosotros pelearemos para ganar la carrera. Vosotros pelearà ©is Youwill fight Vosotros peleareis mucho por los juguetes. Ustedes/ellos/ellas pelearn You/they will fight Ellos pelearn por cualquier cosa. Pelear PeriphrasticFuture Indicative The periphrastic future is conjugated by using the present indicative conjugation of the verb ir (to go), the preposition a, and the infinitive pelear. Yo voy a pelear I am going to fight Yo voy a pelear con mi hermano frecuentemente. Tà º vasa pelear You are going to fight Tà º vasa pelear por la igualdad de gà ©nero. Usted/à ©l/ella vaa pelear You/he/she is going to fight Ella vaa pelear por sus derechos. Nosotros vamosa pelear We are going to fight Nosotros vamosa pelear para ganar la carrera. Vosotros vaisa pelear Youare going to fight Vosotros vaisa pelear mucho por los juguetes. Ustedes/ellos/ellas vana pelear You/they are going to fight Ellos vana pelearpor cualquier cosa. Pelear Present Progressive/Gerund Form The present participle or gerund is formed with the ending -ando (for -ar verbs). It can be used as an adverb or to form progressive tenses like the present progressive, which uses the auxiliary verb estar. Present Progressive ofPelear est peleando Is fighting Ella est peleando por sus derechos. Pelear Past Participle The past participle is formed with the ending -ado (for -ar verbs). It can be used as an adjective or to form perfect tenses like the present perfect, which uses the auxiliary verb haber. Present Perfect of Pelear ha peleado Has fought Ella ha peleado por sus derechos. Pelear Conditional Indicative The conditional tense is usually translated to English as would verb, and is used to talk about possibilities. It is formed similarly to the future tense, starting with the infinitive form (pelear) and adding the conditional ending. Yo pelearà ­a I would fight Yo pelearà ­a con mi hermano frecuentemente si viviera con à ©l. Tà º pelearà ­as You would fight Tà º pelearà ­as por la igualdad de gà ©nero si te interesara ms. Usted/à ©l/ella pelearà ­a You/he/she would fight Ella pelearà ­a por sus derechos, pero no tiene apoyo. Nosotros pelearà ­amos We would fight Nosotros pelearà ­amos para ganar la carrera si tuvià ©ramos ms energà ­a. Vosotros pelearà ­ais Youwould fight Vosotros pelearà ­ais mucho por los juguetes si no tuvierais suficientes. Ustedes/ellos/ellas pelearà ­an You/they would fight Ellos pelearà ­an por cualquier cosa, pero no tiene sentido. Pelear Present Subjunctive The present subjunctive starts with the stem of the first person singular present indicative (yo peleo) and then you add the subjunctive endings. Que yo pelee That I fight Mi madre no quiere que yo pelee con mi hermano frecuentemente. Que tà º pelees That you fight El jefe sugiere que tà º pelees por la igualdad de gà ©nero. Que usted/à ©l/ella pelee That you/he/she fight La abogada recomienda que ella pelee por sus derechos. Que nosotros peleemos That we fight El entrenador quiere que nosotros peleemos por ganar la carrera. Que vosotros peleà ©is That you fight Pap no quiere que vosotros peleà ©is por los juguetes. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas peleen That you/they fight La maestra no quiere que ellos peleen por cualquier cosa. Pelear Imperfect Subjunctive The imperfect subjunctive can be conjugated in two different ways. They are both considered correct. Option 1 Que yo peleara That I fought Mam no querà ­a que yo peleara con mi hermano frecuentemente. Que tà º pelearas That you fought El jefe sugerà ­a que tà º pelearas por la igualdad de gà ©nero. Que usted/à ©l/ella peleara That you/he/she fought La abogada recomendaba que ella peleara por sus derechos. Que nosotros peleramos That we fought El entrenador querà ­a que nosotros peleramos por ganar la carrera. Que vosotros pelearais That you fought Pap no querà ­a que vosotros pelearais por los juguetes. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas pelearan That you/they fought La maestra no querà ­a que ellos pelearan por cualquier cosa. Option 2 Que yo pelease That I fought Mam no querà ­a que yo pelease con mi hermano frecuentemente. Que tà º peleases That you fought El jefe sugerà ­a que tà º peleases por la igualdad de gà ©nero. Que usted/à ©l/ella pelease That you/he/she fought La abogada recomendaba que ella pelease por sus derechos. Que nosotros pelesemos That we fought El entrenador querà ­a que nosotros pelesemos por ganar la carrera. Que vosotros peleaseis That you fought Pap no querà ­a que vosotros peleaseis por los juguetes. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas peleasen That you/they fought La maestra no querà ­a que ellos peleasen por cualquier cosa. Pelear Imperative The imperative mood is used to give commands or orders. The tables below show positive and negative commands. Positive Commands Tà º pelea Fight!  ¡Pelea por la igualdad de gà ©nero! Usted pelee Fight!  ¡Pelee por sus derechos! Nosotros peleemos Fight!  ¡Peleemos por ganar la carrera! Vosotros pelead Fight!  ¡Pelead por los juguetes! Ustedes peleen Fight!  ¡Peleen por cualquier cosa! Negative Commands Tà º no pelees Don't fight!  ¡No pelees por la igualdad de gà ©nero! Usted no pelee Don't fight!  ¡No pelee por sus derechos! Nosotros no peleemos Let's not fight!  ¡No peleemos por ganar la carrera! Vosotros no peleà ©is Don't fight!!  ¡No peleà ©is por los juguetes! Ustedes no peleen Don't fight!!  ¡No peleen por cualquier cosa!

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